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浅谈广州中考英语 “一写二主三从四状五连贯”的高分写作策略
2017-11-02

一、了解广州英语中考英语写作命题特点,做到胸有成竹。


近八年广州市中考英语书面表达考察情况

年份

题材

命题形式

分值

2017

发明介绍

中文提纲

15

2016

英文日志

中文提纲

15

2015

课程介绍

图表和提纲

15

2014

活动介绍

图表和提纲

15

2013

社团介绍

中文提纲

15

2012

邮件通知

中文提纲

15

2011

调查报告

表格和提纲

15

2010

征文比赛

表格和提纲

15

英文写作在广州中考试题中所占的比例为15分,从上面历年广州的中考英文写作来看都是同学们比较熟悉的话题,内容都是很贴合学生的实际,所选材料同考生的学习,生活相关,或与事实热点相关。从命题形式来看,近几年的写作命题形式大部分以中文提纲为主,同时结合表格或图表的形式,并且为考生提供了相应的写作内容,虽然限定了写作的主要内容,但在语言和信息的组织方面也给考生有了更多的自主权。

在平时的写作训练中,解决广州中考英语写作我们可以遵循下面几个方法步骤:

1、认真审题,了解写作相关信息点,注意写作内容的相关要点。

2、确定相应的时态和人称。

3、按照写作内容把信息点按照相应的逻辑顺序进行合并和拆分。

 4、用简单句或复合句把各个信息点整合成一篇连贯的文章。

5、检查信息点是否完整,注意时态和词汇是否有误。


二、初中学生写作问题现状分析


从学生期末考作文评卷来看,学生在英文写作方面主要存在着一些得分不高的现象:

1. 书写不美观,涂画严重。

2. 对英语五大简单句型结构没有掌握好,导致句子完整性缺失。

3. 语法错误十分严重。

4. 单词拼写错误严重。

5. 个别学生抄袭阅读文章导致零分。

下面是一些学生习作的失分例子。

  

  

上面这四篇习作的得分普遍比较低下。这也是很多学生普遍存在的问题,这要求我们在平时的教学中务必把英语句型的简单句扎实打下一个坚实的基础,另外,从什么这几篇习作中,我们可以看出学生的英语基础还是相对不错的,但是语法错误现象比较严重。但优点是这几个学生会适当运用一些连接词和比较高级的句型。所以我们还是应该充满信心让我们学生的习作更上一层楼。针对这个问题,我们向同学们展示一些提高英文写作分数的重要策略,希望同学们加以揣摩和模仿,然后应用于自己的写作当中。在打好规范句型和语法的基础上,我们为同学们总结的一句写作口诀,那就是一写二主三从四状五连贯,掌握这条口诀尤其对即将参加中考的同学们来说至关重要,尤其对想要提高写作到12分以上的同学们来说帮助很大。那这句口诀是什么意思呢?让我们一起来学习吧。

一写:就是第一要做到书写整洁干净

中考写作要做到书面整洁,书写规范干净,这对阅卷老师的第一印象非常重要,可以毫不夸张来说,书写比别人漂亮整洁,不仅仅是英语的书面表达分数一定比别人高。其它科目例如语文作文和思品分数等同样比其它学生会高跨度比较大的分数。所以,英语书面表达把书写放在重中之重。平时我们要加强和不断练习自己的书写,这对以后同学们的工作和素质都是非常重要的。同学们,下面是一些收集到的优秀书面作文的模板,看到他们的作文,你们会不会觉得心旷神怡呢!而且分数一定不会太差的!

  

二主:就是要学会使用二个主语来写作

主语是一个句子中最重要的部分之一,确定好主语也就等于迈出了成功的一步,在写作过程中,除了选用常见的名词,名词短语,代词等做主语外,我们还可以经常使用动名词、不定式和用It来做形式主语,例如:

1. 常规的以名词或名词短语做主语:

e.g. Health is better than wealth.健康胜于财富。

More and more people begin to realize the importance of health. 越来越多的人开始意识到健康的重要性。

Communication plays an important role in interrelationship.

2. 常规的以代词做主语:

e.g. They are studying hard to prepare for the upcoming college entrance examination.

他们正在为即将来临的高考而努力学习。

I do exercise regularly to keep healthy. 我经常运动来保持身体健康。

We should pay more attention to our health. 我们应该多注意自己的健康。

It is very important to keep fit. 保持身体健康很重要。

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.世事无难事,只怕有心人。

提高写作分数的二大主语

1. 动名词和不定式做主语:

Taking exercise regularly is one of the best ways to keep healthy.

经常运动是保持健康最好的方法之一。

To see is to believe. 眼见为实/百闻不如一见。

To work out the difficult problem is very exciting. =It is very exciting to work out the difficult problem.      

解决这个难题真令人兴奋。

2. 熟练使用it做形式主语:

句型:It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没有的。

It is no use crying over spilled milk. 泼出去的牛奶哭也没用/覆水难收。

句型:It is +adj ( interesting, important/vital, necessary, difficult) (for sb) to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样。

It is very necessary for us to learn a foreign language. 学习一门外语对我们来说很有必要。

句型:It takes/took sb +时间/金钱 to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间/金钱。

It takes me three hours to finish doing my homework. 花费我三个小时的时间做作业。

三从:就是三大常用的宾语从句、定语从句、非限定定语从句

1. 使用宾语从句

宾语从句经常用来表达建议、希望、相信、想法等,常见的有:

I strongly suggest that we shouldn’t stay up too late. 我强烈建议我们不应该熬夜。

I hope that you can come up with a good solution to cope with this problem. 我希望你们能想出一个好的方法解决这个问题。

I am wondering if you can provide us some useful suggestions. 我想你是否能给我们提供一些有用的建议。

Some people believe that keeping pets is good for old people. 一些人认为养宠物对老人家有好处。

2. 使用定语从句

定语从句是写作运用十分重要的写作手段,技巧只要碰到写人,食物或时间地点等名词都可以使用定语从句,也就是说,只要给我一个名词,我们就可以使用“who写人, that写人或物, which写物来引导定语从句,就像阿基米德说的那样,给我一个支点我就可以把地球撬起来一样。请看下面的句子。

God helps those who help themselves. 上帝帮助那些帮助自己的人。/ 天助自助者。

She is the popular professor (that) I want to see very much. 她就是我非常想见的受欢迎的教授。

I will never forget the day when we spent together in the countryside. 我永远都不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的日子。

The film which often makes us laugh is directed by a famous director. 这部经常让我们哈哈大笑的电影是由一名著名的导演所导演的。

The reason why we must protect our Earth is that we only have one Earth. 我们必须保护地球的原因就是我们只有一个地球。

3. 使用非限定定语从句

非限定定语从句看起来很高大尚,但是一点也不难,它的特点就是对前面说过的事情做一个补充说明,常见的就是使用“which”来引导,表面是看起来多余,实质上是一个非常重要的修饰手段,就像一个人的穿着一样,它会使到写作具有品味。下面的句子请同学们好好体会它的用法。

Most junior high school students have a positive attitude towards study, which plays an important role in their learning. 大部分初中生对学习抱有积极的态度,这对他们的学习起到至关重要的作用。

They have made up their mind to study hard, which enable them to devote themselves to their exam heart and soul. 他们已经下定决心努力学习,这使到他们全身心地投入到考试中去。

四状:四状就是学会使用四个常用的状语从句

1. 条件状语从句:If条件, unless除非, as long as只要

As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。

If you want to have a better school life and study, you will love HSCZ. 如果你想拥有一个美好的学习和校园生活,你会爱上华师初中。

2. 原因状语从句:because因为+句子, because of+名词或名词短语,since因为, owing to 由于

Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边,能享受到好的天气。

3. 目的状语从句:so that以便

Finish this so that you can start another. 把这个做完,你可以开始另一个。

4. 结果状语从句:so…that如此以致

He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word. 他气得说不出话了。

补充其它可能使用到的状语从句

时间状语从句:when什么时候, not…until直到才  as soon as

He didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 他直到12点才去睡觉。

地点状语从句:where哪里

Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。

让步状语从句:although尽管, even if即使

Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好,但是他工作很努力。

比较状语从句:than, as…as…一样

The work isn’t as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。

五连贯:就是熟练使用写作必备的五大连接词

经常使用常见的英语连接词可以让英文写作变得连贯和流畅,让写作看起来有节奏,有结构,有框架。

下面是广州中考写作常用的连接词。

1. 表次序: Firstly 首先;Secondly其次;Thirdly再次;Finally/Last but not least/Eventually

2. 表递进: What’s more/Furthermore/Moreover而且;  Besides/In addition此外;另外

3. 表举例: For example/such as/ For instance例如

4. 表转折或对比、相反: but/However/Nevertheless然而; On one hand,  On the other hand/For one thing,  For another一方面另一方面…; On the contrary相反

5. 表结论或结果: As a result结果;In a word / On the whole总而言; S/Therefore因此;so…that…如此…以致于


三、“一写二主三从四状五连贯”高分写作策略展示


广州中考的作文形式大部分以提纲式的形式提供关键词和简短句子,要求学生按照所提供的内容进行80词左右的写作,从内容要点,语法准确性以及句子的连贯性进行评分。下面以2015年广州中考写作为例进行构思和细节探讨。

你校将开设一些特色课程,学生可根据兴趣进行选择。请根据以下内容提示为学校英文网页写一篇短文,介绍这些课程、提出你建议增设的课程并说明理由。


Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest. …

注意:1. 参考词汇:模型制作 model making

2. 词数80左右(文章开头已给出,不计入词数);

3. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分。

 

写作策略梳理

、想出写作词汇素材

1. choose_________     2. special_________     3. course_________     4. information_________

5. improve_________   6. choice_________      7. chance_________     8. practice_________

9. science_________     10. helpful________    11. colorful_________

、想出写作词组素材

1. such as_________                     2. not only…but also…_________

3. be interested in_________       4. be keen on                    

5. learn more about_________    6. as well                         


、想出写作句式和连接词

1. It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. ____________________

2. What’s more ____________________

3. Not only can it make you strong and healthy, but also offers you a good chance to make friends and encourage teamwork. ____________________

4. There are many courses for them to choose such as… ____________________

5. In my opinion____________________

6. I strongly suggest that…____________________

四、写作正式誊写在答题卡上

Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest.

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下面是优秀和满分作文的成功策略展示,希望同学们认真学习和研究。

优秀范文展示1

Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest. These courses will help students relax themselves after school. There are many courses for them to choose, such as English drama, football, or model making. Here is more information.

If you want to improve your oral English, English drama may be the first choice. It is a good chance to practice not only oral English, but also performing skills. If you are interested in football, take the football course. It is good for your physical health. Besides, you can learn more about teamwork. What about model making? You will be amazed by the science world and become interested in it.

For my part, a painting course can be added, because students like drawing so much. I hope these courses would be helpful and each student would enjoy a bright and colorful school life here! 

优秀范文展示2

Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interests. It is such cheerful news because it can enrich students’ after-school lives.

Here is some information about each course. If you are keen on sports, soccer course will be a great choice. Not only can it make you strong and healthy, but also offers you a good chance to make friends and encourage teamwork. For those who are interested in science, model making is definitely their favorite. Students can get to know more about science, which will greatly arouse their interest. If you want to practice your oral English, you can take a course on English drama. When you are challenging different characters, you also learn how to perform them.

In my opinion, I suggest adding a music course. Lots of students are suffering from the stress of study. It is relaxing for them to play musical instruments. Hope everyone can enjoy the courses mentioned above.

优秀范文展示3

Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest. Students who want to have strong bodies as well as develop their teamwork spirit can choose to attend the football course because this course encourages students to work together. Those who look for a chance to practice their oral English can attend the English drama course. What’s more, it will provide them with chances to act out some interesting plays. Besides, for those who want to know more about science and increase their interest, we will also have a model making course.

In my opinion, I strongly suggest that we should have an International course as well. It is a good opportunity for us to broaden our horizons and I think it is a good chance to improve our foreign language skills.

优秀范文展示4  

Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest. First of all, the football course is the best choice if you like playing football. When you play football, you can take regular exercise and build up your body. At the same time, playing football can develop your teamwork spirit because you can learn how to help each other.

What’s more, English play course is a good choice for the students who like English. In the class, it is a good chance for the students to learn acting and improve oral English. If you want to develop an interest in science, you’d better choose model making course. When you make some models, you can learn more about the science.

In my opinion ,we should have a reading course as well, because we can learn plenty of knowledge from books. If we read more books, we will become smarter and smarter.


四、写作评卷依据规范,正确和扎实的英语句子结构


要想写好作文首先要打好扎实的基本功,而扎实的基本功从句子抓起,只要基本功扎实,不管是任何类型的写作都可以得高分。所谓磨刀不误砍柴工,考生在平时的练习中要加强句子结构的操练,同时多积累一些经常使用的句型和词汇。就像上面的优秀习作一样,冰冻三尺非一日之寒,只要肯刻苦,我们也一样能够写出优秀的英语文章。最后,还要注意书写是否美观,对于书面表达来说,书面的整洁和美观也是关系到分数高低的一个标准,因此考生在平时要注意自己的书写,用美观和流畅的英文给评卷老师一个好印象。值得考生注意的是在答题卡上不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分。


五、结语


同学们,中考英文写作并不是一道难以逾越的鸿沟,只要掌握好方法,再加上扎实的中考课标词汇,相信我们的写作水平一定会逐步提高。同时,只要我们能够把上面的方法和策略慢慢有意识地应用到我们老师布置的每一篇习作中去,相信你一定会在广州中考的英语写作中脱颖而出。





———黄焕荣老师